Top
×
Search
Quick Links
Home
Fixtures
Racecourses
Betting Odds
Betting Offers
IE Free Bets
GB Free Bets
Race Cards
Big Race Entries
Entries
Fast Results
Race Results
Weights & Entries
Early Closing
Hong Kong Races
Top
18+ | Commercial Content | T&Cs apply | Wagering and T&Cs apply | Play Responsibly |
Advertising Disclosure
Sign Up
Sign In
Tracker
Free Bets
Mobile View
+ Latest offers
Home
News
Cards
All Cards
Big Race Entries
Entries
Runner Index
Trainer Index
Jockey Index
Results
Full Results
";
Fast Results
";
Runner Index
Trainer Index
Jockey Index
Betting Offers
Betting Offers IE
Betting Offers & Free Bets
Existing Customers Offers
Promo Codes
Betting Offers UK
Betting Offers & Free Bets
Existing Customers Offers
Promo Codes
Betting Hub
Daily Specials
Betting Guides
Bet Calculator
How to Bet on Horse Racing
Horse Racing Terminology and Jargon Explained
Horse Racing Betting Terms Explained
Understanding Horse Racing Bet Types
Types of Horse Races
Betting Odds Explained
How to Pick a Winner
Each Way Betting
Lucky 15 Betting
Lucky 31 Betting
Live Stream Horse Racing
What is SP in Horse Racing
What is a Handicap Race
What is a Tote placepot
Tote betting
Accumulator betting
Odds
Antepost Betting
Betting Odds
Betting Odds Calculator
Statistics
Daily Statistics
Season Statistics
Ireland
Flat
Leading Trainers
Leading Jockeys
National Hunt
Leading Trainers
Leading Jockeys
UK
Flat
Leading Trainers
Leading Jockeys
National Hunt
Leading Trainers
Leading Jockeys
Watch
Tips
Today's Tips
Tomorrow's Tips
Nap of the Day
Lucky 15 Selections
Horse Tracker
Blogs
More
Horse Tracker
Blogs
Hong Kong Races
Gallery
First Time Gear
Fixtures
Runners Abroad
Punchestown 2024
Cheltenham 2024
Sidelined Jockeys
Top 10 Tracked
Whispers
Runner Index
Trainer Index
Jockey Index
Non-Runners
Market Movers
Mobile View
Search Site With
Home
Cards
Big Race Entries
Fast Results
Full Results
Watch
Tips
Today's Tips
Tomorrow's Tips
Nap of the Day
Lucky 15 Selections
Betting Offers
Betting Hub
Betting Offers & Free Bets IE
Betting Offers & Free Bets UK
Betting Odds
HorseTracker
News
More
My Account
Non-Runners
Market Movers
News
Fixtures
Betting Guides
Bet Calculator
How to Bet on Horse Racing
Horse Racing Terminology and Jargon Explained
Horse Racing Betting Terms Explained
Understanding Horse Racing Bet Types
Types of Horse Races
Betting Odds Explained
How to Pick a Winner
Each Way Betting
Lucky 15 Betting
Lucky 31 Betting
Live Stream Horse Racing
What is SP in Horse Racing
What is a Handicap Race
What is a Tote placepot
Tote betting
Accumulator betting
Statistics
Leading NH Trainer IRE
Leading NH Jockey IRE
Leading NH Trainer GB
Leading NH Jockey GB
Leading Flat Trainer IRE
Leading Flat Jockey IRE
Leading Flat Trainer GB
Leading Flat Jockey GB
Racecourses
Runners Abroad
Hong Kong Races
Sidelined Jockeys
First Time Gear
Whispers
Runner Index
Trainer Index
Jockey Index
Top 10 Tracked
Cheltenham
Punchestown
Bookmakers
Logoff
Desktop View
HorseTracker
Click here to add Jockey to HorseTracker
irishracing.com
Jockey Shane Shortall
S A Shortall
Jockey
S A Shortall
Last Winner
Miss Cognac (IRE)
12/1,
Noel Meade
Limerick Thu, 26th Dec, 19
Runs Since Last Winner
16
Days Since Last Winner
1823
Last Runner
Mise Raftaire (IRE)
8th, 80/1,
Brian Francis Cawley
Naas Sun, 8th Mar, 20
S A Shortall
(c)Healy Racing Photos
Runs
Wins
Places
Win %
Earnings
1 Level Stk
22/05/19-08/03/20 (N.H.)
97
5
12
5.15%
91367.00
-51.25
22/05/19-08/03/20 (N.H.)
Runs - 97, Wins - 5, Places - 12
Win %
5.15%
Earnings
91367.00
€1 Level Stk
-51.25
Recent Runs
Unavailable & Suspension
Stats
Show
All Runs
Wins Only
Date Course Conditions
Race Result
Trainer
OR
Class
08Mar20 Naa
19 YS 5y+ MdnHdl (13K)
Mise Raftaire
11-12[80/1]
8th of 18,
44.00L behind The Very Man
Brian Francis Cawley
05Mar20 Thu
23 SH 5y+ MdnHdl (14K)
The Wise Maid
10-11[100/1]
pulled up
in race won by Eklat De Rire
J P Dempsey
05Mar20 Thu
16 SH 4y+ HcapHdl (10K)
Charlie Bit Me
11-0[20/1]
9th of 18,
30.81L behind Chalky White
Madeleine Tylicki
95
20Feb20 Thu
21 SH 4y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Missie's Boy
11-12[100/1]
pulled up
in race won by Granny Knot
Mrs Caroline McCaldin
14Jan20 Fai
16 H 5y+ S (12K)
Rossderrin
11-6[50/1]
6th of 11,
23.25L behind Countess Cathleen
J P Dempsey
09Jan20 Clo
17 SH 4y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Lambikin
10-13[100/1]
14th of 16,
100.75L behind Uisce Solas
Colin Kidd
05Jan20 Naa
16 GY 5y+ MdnHdl (15K)
Kalakhan
11-10[100/1]
12th of 21,
55.19L behind Asterion Forlonge
J P Dempsey
01Jan20 Tra
21 S 5y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Backonthehill
10-8[100/1]
11th of 15,
72.00L behind Owenacurra Lass
E Sheehy
01Jan20 Tra
16 S 4y+ HcapHdl (11K)
Rossderrin
11-6[25/1]
9th of 13,
12.88L behind Knockraha Boss
J P Dempsey
98
01Jan20 Tra
16 S 5y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Lambikin
10-11[100/1]
14th of 14,
98.13L behind Saint Roi
Colin Kidd
29Dec19 Lim
16 SH 4y H (34K)
Global Equity
10-6[18/1]
3rd of 8,
3.25L behind Soviet Pimpernel
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
28Dec19 Lim
20 H 5y+ HcapCh (50K)
Shady Operator
10-9[16/1]
3rd of 16,
4.75L behind Sumos Novios
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
133
28Dec19 Lim
24 H 4y+ HcapHdl (12K)
Ellipsism
11-1[16/1]
pulled up
in race won by Life Isfor Living
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
111
27Dec19 Lim
16 H 3y+ HcapHdl (11K)
Ricky Langford
10-5[50/1]
5th of 13,
39.50L behind Our Roxane
P J Rothwell
80
27Dec19 Lim
20 H 4y+ MdnHdl (13K)
Lady Breffni
11-7[15/2]
2nd of 15,
8.5L behind Colreevy
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
27Dec19 Lim
23 H 9y+ HcapCh (16K)
Garrai Phaidin
10-8[16/1]
4th of 15,
15.25L behind Cappacurry Zak
Shane Kieran Ryder
103
26Dec19 Lim
20 H 4y+ HcapHdl (16K)
Miss Cognac
10-1[12/1]
1st of 13,
8L to Bay Ambition
Noel Meade
104
26Dec19 Lim
16 H 3y MdnHdl (13K)
Ozone
11-0[10/3]
5th of 14,
behind Bajan Excell
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
16Dec19 Naa
19 S 4y+ HcapHdl (10K)
Pivotal Pursuit
11-2[66/1]
17th of 25,
40.89L behind All About Alfie
Kevin McDonagh
85
16Dec19 Naa
19 S 4y MdnHdl (13K)
Mise Raftaire
11-7[100/1]
13th of 24,
70.38L behind Tiger Tap Tap
Kevin McDonagh
10Dec19 Tra
21 H 4y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Lovely Moon
11-8[100/1]
12th of 14,
101.75L behind Ferocious
Michael Ronayne
08Dec19 Cor
17 S 4y+ NovCh (40K)
Grey Waters
10-11[50/1]
4th of 5,
59.00L behind Elimay
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
119
08Dec19 Cor
17 S 5y+ S (85K)
Us And Them
non-runner (off feed)
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
150
08Dec19 Cor
16 S 4y+ HcapHdl (16K)
Kingdom Brunel
10-7[33/1]
11th of 13,
48.53L behind Scheu Time
Philip Fenton
109
08Dec19 Cor
16 S 4y+ MdnHdl (13K)
Soi Cowboy
11-12[100/1]
pulled up
in race won by Donkey Years
Kevin O'Sullivan
08Dec19 Cor
16 S 3y MdnHdl (13K)
Martello Boy
11-0[100/1]
7th of 16,
119.56L behind Clemencia
Ms Margaret Mullins
07Dec19 Nav
20 S 4y+ MdnHdl (13K)
Missie's Boy
11-12[100/1]
16th of 25,
82.16L behind Longhouse Poet
Mrs Caroline McCaldin
07Dec19 Nav
16 S 4y MdnHdl (13K)
Breezy Bell
11-0[100/1]
14th of 26,
42.00L behind Festival D'ex
Edward Cawley
30Nov19 Fai
21 S 4y+ S (14K)
Petit Tartare
11-12[50/1]
13th of 18,
57.38L behind Carefully Selected
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
29Nov19 Lim
19 SH 4y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Get Home
11-5[66/1]
10th of 14,
68.13L behind Punitive
Olivia Hegarty
28Nov19 Thu
16 S 4y MdnHdl (11K)
Lovely Moon
11-2[100/1]
14th of 18,
60.25L behind French Dynamite
Michael Ronayne
28Nov19 Thu
18 S 4y+ S (12K)
Thermistocles
11-12[33/1]
fell
in race won by Royal Rendezvous
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
17Nov19 Cor
20 S 4y+ HcapHdl (27K)
Coral Blue
10-2[28/1]
9th of 9,
50.50L behind Top Moon
Seamus Fahey
113
17Nov19 Cor
16 S 4y MdnHdl (13K)
Uhtred
11-7[15/2]
2nd of 24,
1.75L behind Front View
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
16Nov19 Pun
24 SH 4y+ HcapHdl (12K)
Daisy's Hollow
10-1[50/1]
11th of 21,
16.25L behind Treacysenniscorthy
Michael William O'Meara
86
16Nov19 Pun
20 SH 4y MdnHdl (13K)
Fakir
11-7[7/1]
7th of 22,
10.75L behind Blue Sari
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
09Nov19 Naa
19 SH 4y+ S (14K)
Choungaya
11-12[20/1]
2nd of 18,
0.75L behind Tornado Flyer
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
09Nov19 Naa
19 SH 5y+ MdnHdl (13K)
Askmenow
11-5[100/1]
pulled up
in race won by Elixir D'ainay
Liam P Cusack
07Nov19 Thu
23 YS 5y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Pivotal Pursuit
11-4[100/1]
10th of 11,
98.00L behind Royal Thief
Kevin McDonagh
03Nov19 Cor
16 SH 4y MdnHdl (13K)
Fakir
11-7[16/1]
5th of 22,
12.75L behind Tiger Voice
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
02Nov19 Dow
16 S 3y H (15K)
Colfer Me
10-12[10/1]
7th of 10,
132.50L behind A Wave Of The Sea
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
28Oct19 Wex
16 SH 4y+ H (12K)
Shadow Seven
11-10[20/1]
7th of 9,
12.50L behind Anything Will Do
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
116
27Oct19 Wex
17 H 5y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Guttural
11-4[8/1]
4th of 9,
43.50L behind Dancing On My Own
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
27Oct19 Wex
20 H 4y MdnHdl (11K)
Geesala Scorpion
11-2[28/1]
8th of 13,
51.38L behind Our Friend
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
26Oct19 Gal
16 S 3y MdnHdl (14K)
Severus Alexander
11-0[8/1]
brought down
in race won by Sacchoandvanzetti
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
20Oct19 Cor
20 YS 4y+ S (17K)
Captain Cruiser
11-12[66/1]
9th of 11,
59.00L behind Dream Conti
Liam P Cusack
15Oct19 Pun
16 GY 3y H (15K)
Cerberus
10-8[25/1]
2nd of 13,
nk behind A Wave Of The Sea
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
12Oct19 Fai
16 Y 4y+ MdnHdl (11K)
In Your Shadow
11-4[12/1]
3rd of 15,
39.00L behind Daylight Katie
Noel Meade
08Oct19 Gal
17 SH 4y+ H (18K)
Shadow Seven
non-runner (temperature)
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
07Oct19 Tip
17 Y 4y+ S (12K)
Captain Cruiser
11-12[25/1]
5th of 9,
48.00L behind Daly Tiger
Liam P Cusack
07Oct19 Tip
20 Y 4y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Askmenow
10-13[50/1]
pulled up
in race won by Imperial View
Liam P Cusack
05Oct19 Gow
20 YS 4y+ MdnHdl (13K)
Tuatha De Dannan
11-7[66/1]
fell
in race won by Rocket Lad
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
05Oct19 Gow
16 YS 3y H (15K)
Severus Alexander
10-8[7/2CF]
7th of 16,
43.63L behind Leahman
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
03Oct19 Clo
24 Y 4y+ HcapHdl (12K)
Chess Grand Master
11-11[7/1]
11th of 12,
53.25L behind Ellipsism
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
107
30Sep19 Ros
20 H 5y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Pivotal Pursuit
11-4[100/1]
8th of 18,
45.25L behind The Big Galloper
Kevin McDonagh
20Sep19 Bal
18 G 3y MdnHdl (11K)
Grove Gold
10-12[33/1]
fell
in race won by Harvest Bow
Eugene M O'Sullivan
10Sep19 Lis
16 Y 4y+ MdnHdl (20K)
Anything Will Do
11-8[16/1]
1st of 14,
1.25L to Fou Diligence
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
10Sep19 Lis
20 Y 4y+ MdnHdl (17K)
Amour Libranno
11-2[100/1]
16th of 18,
70.75L behind Blazing Emily
Eugene M O'Sullivan
08Sep19 Lis
20 GY 4y+ HcapHdl (15K)
Dragon Houdini
non-runner (going)
Shane Crawley
106
08Sep19 Lis
16 GY 3y H (20K)
Grove Gold
10-8[66/1]
9th of 16,
15.25L behind For Everyone
Eugene M O'Sullivan
07Sep19 Wex
24 G 4y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Our Majella
10-13[66/1]
7th of 12,
39.75L behind Kaletto
G Ahern
06Sep19 Kil
25 GY 4y+ HcapHdl (11K)
See Double You
10-11[16/1]
pulled up
in race won by Ellipsism
Ronan M P McNally
87
05Sep19 Clo
16 G 4y+ HcapHdl (10K)
Slainte And Thanks
11-7[6/1]
11th of 14,
18.25L behind Happy Jacky
G Ahern
90
05Sep19 Clo
16 G 4y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Shadow Seven
11-12[5/2JF]
1st of 11,
2.25L to Nameloc
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
29Aug19 Bel
20 G 5y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Gray Duke
11-4[50/1]
4th of 9,
23.00L behind Days Without End
Edward Cawley
26Aug19 Dow
19 G 4y+ HcapCh (12K)
Wishmoor
11-10[16/1]
11th of 14,
47.91L behind Muroor
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
116
18Aug19 Tra
21 GY 5y+ HcapCh (30K)
Wishmoor
11-5[22/1]
5th of 14,
19.25L behind Megalomaniac
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
118
15Aug19 Tra
20 G 4y+ HcapHdl (10K)
Cloneen Lady
10-11[66/1]
pulled up
in race won by Fu's Island
J Beamish
80
10Aug19 Kil
20 Y 4y+ HcapHdl (10K)
Liclash
10-11[16/1]
4th of 15,
2.75L behind Finding Joy
Stephen Ryan
80
25Jul19 Lim
16 G 4y+ HcapHdl (10K)
Liclash
10-12[10/1]
8th of 17,
20.56L behind All The Angels
Stephen Ryan
81
25Jul19 Lim
20 G 4y+ MdnHdl (13K)
Ellipsism
11-5[8/1]
4th of 10,
5.50L behind Shedding
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
23Jul19 Bal
17 G 4y+ HcapHdl (12K)
Chaparral Dream
10-5[4/1]
2nd of 14,
0.5L behind Broder
Adrian McGuinness
94
13Jul19 Lim
22 GF 4y+ HcapCh (30K)
Mindsmadeup
10-7[3/1F]
2nd of 16,
1.75L behind Ravenhill
Matthew J Smith
118
13Jul19 Lim
18 GF 4y+ HcapHdl (11K)
Liclash
10-6[12/1]
5th of 14,
7.78L behind Celtic Dancer
Stephen Ryan
82
09Jul19 Ros
16 G 4y+ HcapHdl (10K)
Chaparral Dream
11-4[6/1]
3rd of 17,
4.00L behind Bective Cave
Adrian McGuinness
93
06Jul19 Bel
24 G 4y+ HcapHdl (12K)
City Hall
10-4[7/1]
2nd of 15,
0.5L behind Mac N Cheese
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
96
06Jul19 Bel
17 G 5y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Heir of Excitement
11-12[40/1]
8th of 16,
53.75L behind Room To Roam
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
06Jul19 Bel
20 G 5y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Abbi Shore
10-13[20/1]
6th of 12,
29.25L behind Amor Verdadero
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
05Jul19 Bel
17 G 4y+ HcapHdl (13K)
Chaparral Dream
10-4[16/1]
3rd of 16,
17.13L behind Pass Hymn
Adrian McGuinness
93
04Jul19 Tip
24 GF 4y+ HcapHdl (10K)
Subset
11-10[16/1]
7th of 16,
48.00L behind Courtin Bb
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
93
19Jun19 Wex
16 G 4y+ S (12K)
Inca Gold
11-11[16/1]
11th of 14,
42.50L behind Bay Hill
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
19Jun19 Wex
20 G 4y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Forever Smiling
10-13[100/1]
10th of 14,
67.00L behind Cash Me Outside
Edward Cawley
17Jun19 Kil
20 G 4y+ NovCh (15K)
Tigris River
11-2[7/1]
5th of 5,
35.00L behind Plinth
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
12Jun19 Pun
20 Y 4y+ MdnHdl (13K)
Chaparral Dream
11-4[50/1]
16th of 23,
71.51L behind Ash Hill
Adrian McGuinness
12Jun19 Pun
21 Y 4y+ S (14K)
Gold Seal
11-10[12/1]
8th of 11,
61.13L behind Count Simon
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
11Jun19 Ros
25 G 5y+ HcapCh (30K)
Tesseract
11-6[7/1]
5th of 14,
9.75L behind Cecil Corbett
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
128
11Jun19 Ros
16 G 4y+ NovCh (15K)
Inca Gold
11-1[16/1]
4th of 8,
5.75L behind Farclas
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
11Jun19 Ros
16 G 4y MdnHdl (11K)
Mortons Hill
11-7[66/1]
12th of 17,
107.38L behind Rocky Shores
James H Black
07Jun19 Clo
16 G 5y+ HcapCh (12K)
Treasure Chest
11-12[8/1]
1st of 8,
0.5L to Perfect Leader
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
108
07Jun19 Clo
16 G 4y+ S (15K)
Song Of The Sky
11-5[16/1]
4th of 13,
12.75L behind Cool Colonnade
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
31May19 Tra
16 G 4y MdnHdl (11K)
Chaparral Dream
11-7[25/1]
8th of 15,
26.78L behind Act Of God
Adrian McGuinness
31May19 Tra
22 G 5y+ S (15K)
Song Of The Sky
11-5[10/1]
7th of 9,
64.00L behind Megalomaniac
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
30May19 Lim
19 G 5y+ S (14K)
Jack Dillinger
11-12[9/4]
4th of 6,
12.00L behind Ravenhill
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
30May19 Lim
24 G 4y+ HcapHdl (12K)
On Call
11-5[8/1]
4th of 11,
8.25L behind Brogine
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
111
28May19 Bal
23 G 4y+ HcapCh (50K)
Tesseract
10-2[28/1]
5th of 15,
12.13L behind Peregrine Run
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
128
28May19 Bal
17 G 4y+ S (12K)
Gold Seal
11-10[33/1]
7th of 15,
33.75L behind Wicklow Brave
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
23May19 Tip
20 GY 4y+ MdnHdl (11K)
Get Home
11-7[33/1]
9th of 18,
45.75L behind Dolly Dancer
Olivia Hegarty
23May19 Tip
16 GY 4y+ HcapHdl (10K)
Liclash
11-1[25/1]
5th of 18,
24.00L behind Charle Brune
Stephen Ryan
84
23May19 Tip
16 GY 4y MdnHdl (11K)
Stronghold
11-7[7/2]
8th of 16,
39.25L behind Effernock Fizz
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
22May19 Wex
20 G 4y+ HcapHdl (12K)
Deilginis
10-12[9/4F]
1st of 9,
2.5L to Trans Wood
Joseph Patrick O'Brien
91
Date Course
Conditions
Runner/Weight/Trainer Weight
OR
Type
Runs-
Wins
Wins %
Runners-
Winners
Winners %
Level
title
Show By
Rides
Wins
Recent Quotes
Unavailable & Suspensions
Suspended
Three days whip ban at Limerick 11th Jan 2020 to 14th Jan 2020
Suspended
Two days careless riding ban at Limerick 15th Jun 2019 to 17th Jun 2019
Suspended
Two days whip ban at Wexford 23rd Sep 2018 to 28th Sep 2018
Unavailable
Fractured right wrist in a fall at Fairyhouse 1st Apr 2018 to 5th Jul 2018
Unavailable
Concussed in a fall at Navan 12th Nov 2017 to 19th Nov 2017
Unavailable
Injured left collarbone in a fall at Ballinrobe 8th Aug 2016 to 30th Aug 2016
Suspended
One day careless riding ban at Galway 12th Aug 2015 to 13th Aug 2015
Unavailable
Fractured left collarbone at Tipperary 14th May 2015 to 2nd Jul 2015
Suspended
Two day ban for disobeying starter at Tramore 4th May 2015 to 6th May 2015
Unavailable
Fractured collarbone in a fall at Punchestown 10th Jan 2015 to 14th Feb 2015
Suspended
One day ban for weighing in overweight at Fairyhouse 25th Oct 2014 to 26th Oct 2014
Suspended
Two day whip ban at Bellewstown 11th Sep 2014 to 14th Sep 2014
Unavailable
Fractured left collarbone in a fall at Down Royal 29th Aug 2014 to 3rd Oct 2014
Suspended
Five day whip ban at Cheltenham 26th Mar 2014 to 31st Mar 2014
Unavailable
Injured right hip in a fall at Punchestown 19th Feb 2014 to 8th Mar 2014
Latest News
×
Odds
News
Fixtures
Runners Abroad